Osteoporosis: The Daily PANCE Blueprint

The answer is B. Vertebral fracture

Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and skeletal fragility, leading to decreased bone strength. There are no clinical symptoms of osteoporosis until a patient has an actual fracture. Vertebral fractures in particular are the MOST common clinical manifestation of osteoporosis. Diagnosis is made by a DEXA scan (T-score < -2.5 standard deviations) or a fragility fracture. Lifestyle changes that can be made include exercise and cessation of smoking. The first-line pharmacological agent is oral bisphosphonate therapy (e.g., alendronate or risedronate). Remember, bisphosphonates should be administered first thing in the morning and >30 minutes before the first food. Patients should stay upright for >30 minutes.