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Interactive 2019 NCCPA™ PANCE Pulmonary System Content Blueprint Smarty PANCE is not sponsored or endorsed by, or affiliated with, the National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants Pulmonary System (10%) Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases • Chronic bronchitis• Emphysema Infectious disorders • Acute bronchiolitis• Acute bronchitis• Acute epiglottitis• Croup• Influenza• Pertussis• Pneumonias o Bacterialo Fungalo HIV-relatedo

PANCE Pulmonary System Content Blueprint Study Guide

Stephen Pasquini PA-C

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Content Blueprint, Pulmonary

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Interactive 2019 NCCPA™ PANCE Pulmonary System Content Blueprint Smarty PANCE is not sponsored or endorsed by, or affiliated with, the National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants Pulmonary System (10%) Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases • Chronic bronchitis• Emphysema Infectious disorders • Acute bronchiolitis• Acute bronchitis• Acute epiglottitis• Croup• Influenza• Pertussis• Pneumonias o Bacterialo Fungalo HIV-relatedo

Interactive 2019 NCCPA™ PANCE Cardiology System Content Blueprint Study Guide with Exam and Flashcards Smarty PANCE is not sponsored or endorsed by, or affiliated with, the National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants Cardiomyopathy • Dilated • Hypertrophic • Restrictive Conduction disorders/dysrhythmias • Atrial fibrillation/flutter • Atrioventricular block • Bundle branch block • Paroxysmal supraventricular

PANCE Cardiovascular System Content Blueprint Study Guide

Stephen Pasquini PA-C

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Cardiology, Cardiovascular, Content Blueprint

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Interactive 2019 NCCPA™ PANCE Cardiology System Content Blueprint Study Guide with Exam and Flashcards Smarty PANCE is not sponsored or endorsed by, or affiliated with, the National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants Cardiomyopathy • Dilated • Hypertrophic • Restrictive Conduction disorders/dysrhythmias • Atrial fibrillation/flutter • Atrioventricular block • Bundle branch block • Paroxysmal supraventricular

The NCCPA has been kind enough to provide a blueprint, so it only makes sense that we put it to good use! Below are the latest content blueprints for both the 2019 PANCE and 2019 PANRE + PANRE alternative supercharged with links to Smarty PANCE lessons and organ system specific exams.

Interactive PANCE and PANRE NCCPA Exam Content Blueprints

Stephen Pasquini PA-C

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Content Blueprint

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The NCCPA has been kind enough to provide a blueprint, so it only makes sense that we put it to good use! Below are the latest content blueprints for both the 2019 PANCE and 2019 PANRE + PANRE alternative supercharged with links to Smarty PANCE lessons and organ system specific exams.

Level 1 Diseases and Disorders: PANRE and Pilot Alternative The PANRE and Pilot alternative to the PANRE covers the following 280 level-one assessment topics. Topics assessed at level one require the following: Recognize most likely diagnosis using signs, symptoms, and risks; refer appropriately. Example assessment of level 1 disorder abdominal aortic aneurism: The classic presentation is

Level 1 Diseases and Disorders: PANRE and Pilot Alternative

Stephen Pasquini PA-C

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Level 1 PANRE

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Level 1 Diseases and Disorders: PANRE and Pilot Alternative The PANRE and Pilot alternative to the PANRE covers the following 280 level-one assessment topics. Topics assessed at level one require the following: Recognize most likely diagnosis using signs, symptoms, and risks; refer appropriately. Example assessment of level 1 disorder abdominal aortic aneurism: The classic presentation is

Level 2 Diseases and Disorders: PANRE and Pilot Alternative The PANRE and Pilot alternative to the PANRE covers the following 177 level-two assessment topics. Topics assessed at level two require the following: Make appropriate diagnosis by recognizing signs, symptoms, risks and/or interpreting results of diagnostic studies, and have knowledge of first-line treatment. Example assessment of

Level 2 Diseases: PANRE and Pilot Alternative

Stephen Pasquini PA-C

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Level 2 PANRE

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Level 2 Diseases and Disorders: PANRE and Pilot Alternative The PANRE and Pilot alternative to the PANRE covers the following 177 level-two assessment topics. Topics assessed at level two require the following: Make appropriate diagnosis by recognizing signs, symptoms, risks and/or interpreting results of diagnostic studies, and have knowledge of first-line treatment. Example assessment of

The PANRE and Pilot alternative to the PANRE covers the following 32 level-three assessment topics. Topics assessed at level three require the following: 1. Make an appropriate diagnosis by recognizing signs, symptoms, and risks. 2. Interpret the results of diagnostic studies and have knowledge of first-line treatment. 3. Have the knowledge required to manage well- known comorbid conditions, contraindications, and complications.

Level 3 Diseases: PANRE and Pilot Alternative

Stephen Pasquini PA-C

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Level 3 PANRE

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The PANRE and Pilot alternative to the PANRE covers the following 32 level-three assessment topics. Topics assessed at level three require the following: 1. Make an appropriate diagnosis by recognizing signs, symptoms, and risks. 2. Interpret the results of diagnostic studies and have knowledge of first-line treatment. 3. Have the knowledge required to manage well- known comorbid conditions, contraindications, and complications.

Are you preparing for your family practice End of Rotation™ (EOR) Exam? The Smarty PANCE family practice rotation exam follows the format of the PAEA Family Medicine End of Rotation Exam™ Blueprint and is ideal as preparation for your family practice clinical rotation exam and as preparation for your PANCE or PANRE

Rotation Exam: Family Medicine

Stephen Pasquini PA-C

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Family Medicine, Rotation Exams

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Are you preparing for your family practice End of Rotation™ (EOR) Exam? The Smarty PANCE family practice rotation exam follows the format of the PAEA Family Medicine End of Rotation Exam™ Blueprint and is ideal as preparation for your family practice clinical rotation exam and as preparation for your PANCE or PANRE

Women's Health and Reproductive System / OB GYN Clinical Rotation Exam Introducing two new Interactive Women's Health and Reproductive System/Obstetrics Rotation Exams now available to PA students and all members of Smarty PANCE. Not yet a member? You can Join Now and Save. These exams follow the format of the PAEA Women's Health End of

Rotation Exam: Women’s Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology

Stephen Pasquini PA-C

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Reproductive System, Rotation Exams

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Women's Health and Reproductive System / OB GYN Clinical Rotation Exam Introducing two new Interactive Women's Health and Reproductive System/Obstetrics Rotation Exams now available to PA students and all members of Smarty PANCE. Not yet a member? You can Join Now and Save. These exams follow the format of the PAEA Women's Health End of

For the first time, in 2019 the PANCE and PANRE along with the new PANRE pilot (now closed to new applicants) are using different (although similar) blueprints. In this post, I am going to walk you through the new blueprints, and we will take a look at the new PANRE three-tier assessment system. I have

The PANCE, PANRE and Pilot Alternative Blueprint Breakdown

Stephen Pasquini PA-C

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Content Blueprint

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For the first time, in 2019 the PANCE and PANRE along with the new PANRE pilot (now closed to new applicants) are using different (although similar) blueprints. In this post, I am going to walk you through the new blueprints, and we will take a look at the new PANRE three-tier assessment system. I have

Pediatrics Clinical Rotation Exam Are you preparing for your pediatric clerkship End of Rotation™ (EOR) Exam? Then get ready to ace your exam with this 157 Question Pediatric Rotation Practice Exam available to PA students and all members of Smarty PANCE. Not a member yet? You can Join Now and Save! The pediatric rotation exam follows the format of

Pediatrics Clinical Rotation Exam and QBank

Stephen Pasquini PA-C

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Pediatrics, Rotation Exams

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Pediatrics Clinical Rotation Exam Are you preparing for your pediatric clerkship End of Rotation™ (EOR) Exam? Then get ready to ace your exam with this 157 Question Pediatric Rotation Practice Exam available to PA students and all members of Smarty PANCE. Not a member yet? You can Join Now and Save! The pediatric rotation exam follows the format of

General Surgery Clinical Rotation Exam Are you preparing for your general surgery clerkship End of Rotation™ (EOR) Exam? I am excited to announce this 140 Question General Surgery Rotation Practice Exam available to PA students and members of Smarty PANCE. Not a member yet? You can Join Now and Save. The general surgery exam follows the format of the PAEA

General Surgery Clinical Rotation Exam and QBank

Stephen Pasquini PA-C

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General Surgery, Rotation Exams

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General Surgery Clinical Rotation Exam Are you preparing for your general surgery clerkship End of Rotation™ (EOR) Exam? I am excited to announce this 140 Question General Surgery Rotation Practice Exam available to PA students and members of Smarty PANCE. Not a member yet? You can Join Now and Save. The general surgery exam follows the format of the PAEA

Emergency Medicine Clinical Rotation Exams Introducing two new 200 Question Interactive Emergency Medicine Rotation Exams with audio explanations now available to PA students and all members of Smarty PANCE. Not yet a member? You can Join Now and Save. These exams follow the format of the PAEA Emergency Medicine End of Rotation Exam™ Blueprint and are perfect as preparation for your

Emergency Medicine Clinical Rotation Exams

Stephen Pasquini PA-C

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Blog, Practice Exams, Rotation Exams

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Emergency Medicine Clinical Rotation Exams Introducing two new 200 Question Interactive Emergency Medicine Rotation Exams with audio explanations now available to PA students and all members of Smarty PANCE. Not yet a member? You can Join Now and Save. These exams follow the format of the PAEA Emergency Medicine End of Rotation Exam™ Blueprint and are perfect as preparation for your

2019 Psychiatry and Behavioral Science Blueprint The interactive 2019 NCCPA™ Psychiatry and Behavioral Science Content Blueprint is now live. This is a fully functional, complimentary, and interactive version of the latest psychiatry content blueprint published on the NCCPA website. Smarty PANCE members can review topics from the content blueprint and take an interactive blueprint based psychiatry examination using

Interactive 2019 PANCE Psychiatry and Behavioral Science Content Blueprint

Stephen Pasquini PA-C

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Psychiatry

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2019 Psychiatry and Behavioral Science Blueprint The interactive 2019 NCCPA™ Psychiatry and Behavioral Science Content Blueprint is now live. This is a fully functional, complimentary, and interactive version of the latest psychiatry content blueprint published on the NCCPA website. Smarty PANCE members can review topics from the content blueprint and take an interactive blueprint based psychiatry examination using

Making Sense of the PANCE and PANRE Neurologic System Vascular Disease Content Blueprint Today I will be dissecting the vascular disease section of PANCE/PANRE NCCPA Neurologic System Content Blueprint. Because this part of the neurology blueprint has a lot of overlap and can cause a lot of confusion I will break it down here for

Making Sense of the PANCE Neurology Vascular Disease Blueprint

Stephen Pasquini PA-C

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Neurologic System

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Making Sense of the PANCE and PANRE Neurologic System Vascular Disease Content Blueprint Today I will be dissecting the vascular disease section of PANCE/PANRE NCCPA Neurologic System Content Blueprint. Because this part of the neurology blueprint has a lot of overlap and can cause a lot of confusion I will break it down here for

Sign up for the FREE Daily PANCE and PANRE PA Board Review Email Series Get 60-days of PANCE and PANRE Board Review Questions and Answers Delivered Daily to Your Inbox. Get Ready to Ace Your Boards! A new question will be delivered to your inbox every day for two months. Choose your answer and follow

Free Daily PANCE and PANRE 60-Day Email Series

Stephen Pasquini PA-C

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Daily PANCE and PANRE

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Sign up for the FREE Daily PANCE and PANRE PA Board Review Email Series Get 60-days of PANCE and PANRE Board Review Questions and Answers Delivered Daily to Your Inbox. Get Ready to Ace Your Boards! A new question will be delivered to your inbox every day for two months. Choose your answer and follow

Metformin (Glumetza, Glucophage, Fortamet): Mechanism: Decreases hepatic glucose production and peripheral glucose utilization, decreases intestinal glucose absorption (these are reasons it leads to weight loss) Side effects: Can cause lactic acidosis and needs to be discontinued 24 hours before contrast and resumed 48 hours after with monitoring for creatinine, stop if creatine is > 1.5 Sulfonylureas -

Diabetes Medication: Mechanisms and Side Effects

Stephen Pasquini PA-C

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Endocrine System

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Metformin (Glumetza, Glucophage, Fortamet): Mechanism: Decreases hepatic glucose production and peripheral glucose utilization, decreases intestinal glucose absorption (these are reasons it leads to weight loss) Side effects: Can cause lactic acidosis and needs to be discontinued 24 hours before contrast and resumed 48 hours after with monitoring for creatinine, stop if creatine is > 1.5 Sulfonylureas -

The NCCPA has updated the PANCE Content Blueprint for 2019! With the update came some changes here on my SMARTYPANCE Board Review Website and your board review checklist which I will be discussing in detail here. NCCPA PANCE Content Blueprint 2019 vs. 2018 The Big Changes The biggest change comes in the form of a

The Ultimate Guide to The New 2019 NCCPA PANCE Content Blueprint

Stephen Pasquini PA-C

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Content Blueprint

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The NCCPA has updated the PANCE Content Blueprint for 2019! With the update came some changes here on my SMARTYPANCE Board Review Website and your board review checklist which I will be discussing in detail here. NCCPA PANCE Content Blueprint 2019 vs. 2018 The Big Changes The biggest change comes in the form of a

Topic summaries with crucial PEARLS of wisdom covering all 13 NCCPA Content Blueprint Organs Systems (93 Blueprint Pearls in total) listed in alphabetical order and by Blueprint Organ System.  

PANCE/PANRE Content Blueprint PEARLS

Stephen Pasquini PA-C

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PEARLS

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Topic summaries with crucial PEARLS of wisdom covering all 13 NCCPA Content Blueprint Organs Systems (93 Blueprint Pearls in total) listed in alphabetical order and by Blueprint Organ System.  

The Important Side Effects of Anti-Tubercular Drugs Isoniazid (INH) Hepatotoxicity B6 deficiencies Peripheral neuritis  Cutaneous hypersensitivity Rarely can cause optic neuritis  Isoniazid is also associated with drug-induced lupus erythematosus Rifampin (RMP) Hepatotoxicity Nephrotoxicity Red discoloration of the body fluids (which may be alarming but is completely benign) Flu-syndrome Thrombocytopenic purpura Rifampin is a well known P450

The Important Side Effects of Anti-Tubercular Drugs

Stephen Pasquini PA-C

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Infectious Disease

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The Important Side Effects of Anti-Tubercular Drugs Isoniazid (INH) Hepatotoxicity B6 deficiencies Peripheral neuritis  Cutaneous hypersensitivity Rarely can cause optic neuritis  Isoniazid is also associated with drug-induced lupus erythematosus Rifampin (RMP) Hepatotoxicity Nephrotoxicity Red discoloration of the body fluids (which may be alarming but is completely benign) Flu-syndrome Thrombocytopenic purpura Rifampin is a well known P450

There are eight types of herpes viruses known to affect humans They are called the Herpes Human Viruses (HHV). There are two types of Herpes Simplex viruses: HSV 1- Oral lesions, HSV 2 - Genital lesions HSV 1 - Oral lesions (tongue, lips etc.) HSV 2 - Genital lesions (vulva, vagina, cervix, glans, prepuce, and penile shaft) HHV 3 - VZV (Varicella Zoster

Human Herpes (HHV) and Herpes Simplex (HSV) Viral Infections

Stephen Pasquini PA-C

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Uncategorized

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There are eight types of herpes viruses known to affect humans They are called the Herpes Human Viruses (HHV). There are two types of Herpes Simplex viruses: HSV 1- Oral lesions, HSV 2 - Genital lesions HSV 1 - Oral lesions (tongue, lips etc.) HSV 2 - Genital lesions (vulva, vagina, cervix, glans, prepuce, and penile shaft) HHV 3 - VZV (Varicella Zoster

Typically impinges nerve below disc (ie: L4-L5 herniation causes L5 radiculopathy) Cervical radiculopathy: Spurling’s test: This test is typically done by having the patient bend the head to the side where symptoms have occurred (closing down the intervertebral foramen), and then gently apply pressure to the top of the head. C5 - bicep reflex C5 radiculopathy can

Radiculopathy Rapid Review: Cervical and Lumbar Patterns

Stephen Pasquini PA-C

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Level 1 PANRE, Level 2 PANRE, Neurologic System

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Typically impinges nerve below disc (ie: L4-L5 herniation causes L5 radiculopathy) Cervical radiculopathy: Spurling’s test: This test is typically done by having the patient bend the head to the side where symptoms have occurred (closing down the intervertebral foramen), and then gently apply pressure to the top of the head. C5 - bicep reflex C5 radiculopathy can

A Comparison of Hematologic Malignancies Below is a comparison table looking at the key features differentiating the six PANCE and PANRE hematological malignancies Quiz Yourself

Leukemia and Lymphoma: Comparison Table of Hematologic Malignancies

Stephen Pasquini PA-C

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Hematology

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A Comparison of Hematologic Malignancies Below is a comparison table looking at the key features differentiating the six PANCE and PANRE hematological malignancies Quiz Yourself

The NCCPA™ Musculoskeletal Content Blueprint covers 3 general disorders of the knee Fractures and dislocations of the knee Osgood-Schlatter disease Soft tissue injuries of the knee Below are the most commonly referenced special examinations of the knee that you should know for your examination. *click the links below to view a video demonstration of the orthopedic exam in a pop-up

Special Examinations of the Knee

Stephen Pasquini PA-C

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Musculoskeletal

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The NCCPA™ Musculoskeletal Content Blueprint covers 3 general disorders of the knee Fractures and dislocations of the knee Osgood-Schlatter disease Soft tissue injuries of the knee Below are the most commonly referenced special examinations of the knee that you should know for your examination. *click the links below to view a video demonstration of the orthopedic exam in a pop-up

The NCCPA™ PANCE and PANRE GI and Nutrition Content Blueprint 6 types of Diseases of the Esophagus 5 types of Disorders of the Stomach 3 types of Diseases of the Gallbladder 3 types of Disorders of the Liver 2 types of Disorders of the Pancreas 13 types of Diseases of the Small Intestine and Colon

PANCE Gastroenterology and Nutrition PEARLS | NCCPA Content Blueprint

Stephen Pasquini PA-C

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Gastroenterology and Nutrition

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The NCCPA™ PANCE and PANRE GI and Nutrition Content Blueprint 6 types of Diseases of the Esophagus 5 types of Disorders of the Stomach 3 types of Diseases of the Gallbladder 3 types of Disorders of the Liver 2 types of Disorders of the Pancreas 13 types of Diseases of the Small Intestine and Colon

The NCCPA™ PANCE and PANRE Genitourinary Content Blueprint 9 types of GU tract conditions 6 types of infectious and inflammatory conditions 5 types of GU neoplastic diseases 7 types of renal diseases 2 types of fluid and electrolyte disorders Acid Base Disorders Total: 30 conditions  GU Tract Conditions (PEARLS) The NCCPA™ PANCE and PANRE Genitourinary Content

PANCE Genitourinary Pearls | NCCPA Content Blueprint

Stephen Pasquini PA-C

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Genitourinary

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The NCCPA™ PANCE and PANRE Genitourinary Content Blueprint 9 types of GU tract conditions 6 types of infectious and inflammatory conditions 5 types of GU neoplastic diseases 7 types of renal diseases 2 types of fluid and electrolyte disorders Acid Base Disorders Total: 30 conditions  GU Tract Conditions (PEARLS) The NCCPA™ PANCE and PANRE Genitourinary Content

Dermatology PANCE and PANRE Blueprint PEARLS This is a comprehensive list following the exact NCCPA PANCE and PANRE Dermatology content blueprint The dermatology section represents 5% of your PANCE and PANRE board exam Make sure to download my FREE content blueprint checklist Members have access to the comprehensive 66 question dermatology exam Dermatology Pearls Flashcards Dermatology Pearls

Dermatology PANCE and PANRE Blueprint PEARLS

Stephen Pasquini PA-C

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Dermatology, PEARLS

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Dermatology PANCE and PANRE Blueprint PEARLS This is a comprehensive list following the exact NCCPA PANCE and PANRE Dermatology content blueprint The dermatology section represents 5% of your PANCE and PANRE board exam Make sure to download my FREE content blueprint checklist Members have access to the comprehensive 66 question dermatology exam Dermatology Pearls Flashcards Dermatology Pearls

GI and Nutrition Content Blueprint Classic and Pathognomonic Patient Presentations and Question Stems For the PANCE and PANRE Board Exam   GI Content Blueprint Case Presentation Flashcards   Esophagus Esophagitis Patient will present with → odynophagia (painful swallowing), dysphagia and retrosternal chest pain Motility disorders Achalasia - Patient will present with → dysphagia to both liquids and solids,

GI and Nutrtition PANCE and PANRE Blueprint Classic Patient Presentations

Stephen Pasquini PA-C

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Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Question Stems and Patient Presentations

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GI and Nutrition Content Blueprint Classic and Pathognomonic Patient Presentations and Question Stems For the PANCE and PANRE Board Exam   GI Content Blueprint Case Presentation Flashcards   Esophagus Esophagitis Patient will present with → odynophagia (painful swallowing), dysphagia and retrosternal chest pain Motility disorders Achalasia - Patient will present with → dysphagia to both liquids and solids,

EENT PANCE and PANRE NCCPA Content Blueprint (9%) EENT Common Patient Presentations Below is a list of the most common PANCE and PANRE board review question stems and patient presentations from the SMARTYPANCE EENT Content Blueprint board review. These case presentations represent the most common pathognomonic  findings associated with each content blueprint EENT board review topic. You can

EENT PANCE and PANRE Content Blueprint Patient Presentations

Stephen Pasquini PA-C

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EENT, Question Stems and Patient Presentations

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EENT PANCE and PANRE NCCPA Content Blueprint (9%) EENT Common Patient Presentations Below is a list of the most common PANCE and PANRE board review question stems and patient presentations from the SMARTYPANCE EENT Content Blueprint board review. These case presentations represent the most common pathognomonic  findings associated with each content blueprint EENT board review topic. You can

 Condition Incubation period  Prodrome Rash Other Dx features   Measles (Rubeola) 9-14 days Fever Cough, Conjunctivitis Rhinitis Maculopapular – face to extremities Koplik spots in mouth     Mumps (Parotitis) 12-25 days   Pain/swelling in front of/below ear     Rubella (German Measles) 14-21  None    Maculopapular – rapid spread from head to toe   Teratogenic,

Comparison Table of Viral Exanthems

Stephen Pasquini PA-C

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Dermatology

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 Condition Incubation period  Prodrome Rash Other Dx features   Measles (Rubeola) 9-14 days Fever Cough, Conjunctivitis Rhinitis Maculopapular – face to extremities Koplik spots in mouth     Mumps (Parotitis) 12-25 days   Pain/swelling in front of/below ear     Rubella (German Measles) 14-21  None    Maculopapular – rapid spread from head to toe   Teratogenic,

Hypertensive therapies recommended for treating coexisting conditions: Angina β-blockers, CCB Post Myocardial Infarction β-blockers, ACE Inhibitors Systolic Heart Failure ACEI/ARB, β-blockers, diuretics Diabetes mellitus/Chronic kidney disease ACEI/ARB Isolated systolic HTN in elderly Diuretics, CCB osteoporosis Thiazides BPH α1 blockers African Americans Thiazides, CCB Young white males Thiazides →  ACEI/ARB → β-blockers Gout CCB, Losartan is the only ARB

Blood Pressure Medications for Specific Conditions

Stephen Pasquini PA-C

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Cardiovascular, Pharmacology

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Hypertensive therapies recommended for treating coexisting conditions: Angina β-blockers, CCB Post Myocardial Infarction β-blockers, ACE Inhibitors Systolic Heart Failure ACEI/ARB, β-blockers, diuretics Diabetes mellitus/Chronic kidney disease ACEI/ARB Isolated systolic HTN in elderly Diuretics, CCB osteoporosis Thiazides BPH α1 blockers African Americans Thiazides, CCB Young white males Thiazides →  ACEI/ARB → β-blockers Gout CCB, Losartan is the only ARB

The most common BP meds and facts you need to know for your board exam Ace inhibitors are associated with cough, angioedema and can cause hyperkalemia. They are contraindicated in pregnancy. Spironolactone (a potassium sparing diuretic) can also cause hyperkalemia β blockers are contraindicated in Asthma and may cause impotence CCB cause leg edema, verapamil and diltiazem are rate

Six Blood Pressure Medication facts to know for your PANRE

Stephen Pasquini PA-C

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Cardiovascular, PANCE and PANRE Quick Tips

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The most common BP meds and facts you need to know for your board exam Ace inhibitors are associated with cough, angioedema and can cause hyperkalemia. They are contraindicated in pregnancy. Spironolactone (a potassium sparing diuretic) can also cause hyperkalemia β blockers are contraindicated in Asthma and may cause impotence CCB cause leg edema, verapamil and diltiazem are rate

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