Epstein-Barr virus infections: The Daily PANCE Blueprint
A 20-year-old college student presents with fever, sore throat, and fatigue. Physical examination reveals posterior cervical lymphadenopathy. Heterophile antibody testing is positive. Which of the following complications is most commonly associated with this infection?
A. Acute rheumatic fever
B. Guillain-Barré syndrome
C. Splenic rupture
D. Peritonsillar abscess
E. Aseptic meningitis
Answer and topic summary
The answer is C. Splenic rupture
Splenic rupture is a well-known, albeit rare, complication of Epstein-Barr virus infection, which typically causes infectious mononucleosis. The virus can lead to splenomegaly, and even minor trauma can result in splenic rupture in this setting. Patients with infectious mononucleosis are often advised to avoid contact sports or heavy lifting for several weeks to months to reduce the risk of splenic rupture.
Explanation for Incorrect Answers:
A. Acute rheumatic fever: Acute rheumatic fever is a complication of group A streptococcal pharyngitis, not EBV infection.
B. Guillain-Barré syndrome: While Guillain-Barré syndrome can be triggered by viral infections, it is not commonly associated with EBV infection specifically.
D. Peritonsillar abscess: Peritonsillar abscess is a complication of bacterial tonsillitis, typically caused by group A streptococcus, and is not commonly associated with EBV infection.
E. Aseptic meningitis: EBV can occasionally cause aseptic meningitis, but it is not the most common complication. Splenic rupture is more specifically associated with EBV infection and infectious mononucleosis.
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Covered under ⇒ PANCE Blueprint Infectious Disease ⇒ ⇒
