Migraine Headache: The Daily PANCE Blueprint

The answer is ANSWERHERE

Sumatriptan is a selective 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonist (triptan) that acts as a potent vasoconstrictor of cranial blood vessels and inhibits the release of proinflammatory neuropeptides. It is a first-line abortive therapy for acute migraine attacks, providing rapid relief of symptoms within 1-2 hours. Triptans like sumatriptan are most effective when administered early in the migraine attack and can be delivered via oral, intranasal, or subcutaneous routes depending on the severity and onset of symptoms.

• A. Amitriptyline – This is a tricyclic antidepressant commonly used for migraine prevention (prophylaxis), not acute treatment. It works by increasing serotonin and norepinephrine levels and is typically taken daily to reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks.
• C. Verapamil – This calcium channel blocker is used for migraine prevention, particularly for patients with both migraines and hypertension. It works by relaxing blood vessels and reducing neuronal excitability but is not effective for terminating an acute migraine attack.
• D. Topiramate – This anticonvulsant is FDA-approved for migraine prevention. It has multiple mechanisms including sodium channel blockade and enhancement of GABA activity. It requires weeks of daily use to achieve therapeutic effects and is not used for acute symptom relief.
• E. Propranolol – This non-selective beta-blocker is a first-line prophylactic treatment for migraines. It works by reducing vascular reactivity and cortical spreading depression but does not provide relief during an acute migraine attack.