Nephrolithiasis/urolithiasis: The Daily PANCE Blueprint
Which of the following is the strongest risk factor for kidney stones?
A. Obesity
B. Family history
C. Decreased fluid intake
D. Gout
E. Certain medications
Answer and topic summary
The answer is C. Decreased fluid intake
About 2-3% of the general population will suffer from kidney stones, with white males being at the highest risk. The classic presentation is colicky excruciating unilateral flank or lower abdominal pain. The most important risk factor for stones is decreased fluid intake. In general, the most common type of kidney stone is calcium oxalate. Risk factors include family history, malabsorptive states, medications (like acyclovir), gout, obesity, hypertension, etc. Diagnostic tests include urinalysis (may see pyuria and hematuria), urine culture, and a non-contrast CT scan of the abdomen/pelvis. If a stone is <5 mm it is likely to pass on its own and these patients can be given conservative treatment (fluids, alpha-blockers, and pain meds.) Those who need a urology consultation include those with a stone unlikely to pass or patients who have sepsis, anuria, acute renal failure, or bilateral obstruction.
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Covered under ⇒ PANCE Blueprint Genitourinary ⇒
Also found in Emergency Medicine, Family Medicine, and General Surgery rotation content blueprint
