Acute Bronchiolitis: The Daily PANCE Blueprint

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Acute Bronchiolitis: The Daily PANCE Blueprint

An 8-week-year-old infant is brought to the ER by his parents due to fever, cough, a “really bad runny nose,” and poor feeding x 2 days. He is febrile (T 100.9F) and mildly hypoxemic (SpO2 89% on room air). On exam, you auscultate bilateral wheezes and notice supraclavicular retractions. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the patient’s condition?

A. Adenovirus
B. Rhinovirus
C. RSV
D. Influenza
E. HSV

Answer and topic summary

The answer is C. RSV

Acute bronchiolitis is a respiratory tract infection defined by inflammation of the bronchioles. It occurs in children less than 2 years old. Etiologies include respiratory syncytial virus (MC), parainfluenza, influenza, adenovirus, rhinovirus, etc. Clinical features include rhinorrhea, low-grade fever, cough, crackle/wheezes, and even signs of respiratory distress. It is usually a clinical diagnosis, but a viral panel can be sent. Management may include oxygen, adequate hydration, nasal suctioning, and Tylenol for fevers.

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Smarty PANCE Content Blueprint Review:

Covered under ⇒ PANCE Blueprint Pulmonary ⇒ Infectious Pulmonary Disorders (PEARLS) ⇒ Acute bronchitis 

Also covered as part of the Emergency Medicine EOR, Internal Medicine EOR, Family Medicine EOR, and Pediatric EOR topic lists

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