Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: The Daily PANCE Blueprint

The answer is C. Complications related to diabetes may be present at the time of diagnosis.

Type 2 diabetes often has a gradual onset, and many individuals may not experience or notice symptoms until the disease has progressed. As a result, it is not uncommon for patients to already have complications associated with diabetes, such as neuropathy, retinopathy, or nephropathy, at the time of diagnosis. This aspect underscores the importance of early screening in at-risk populations to identify and manage the condition before complications arise.

Explanations for Incorrect Answers:

A. It is typically characterized by low c-peptide levels: This statement is more applicable to type 1 diabetes, where insulin production is significantly reduced or absent, leading to low c-peptide levels. In contrast, individuals with type 2 diabetes may have normal or even elevated c-peptide levels due to insulin resistance.

B. Symptoms such as excessive thirst and urination are rare at presentation: Polyuria and polydipsia are common symptoms of type 2 diabetes due to the osmotic diuresis caused by hyperglycemia. While some individuals may initially be asymptomatic, these symptoms are not rare.

D. Diabetic ketoacidosis is the most common initial presentation: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is more commonly associated with type 1 diabetes. While patients with type 2 diabetes can develop DKA, it is less common and typically occurs in the context of severe stress or illness.

E. It is primarily diagnosed in individuals under 30 years of age: Type 2 diabetes is most commonly diagnosed in adults over the age of 40, although the prevalence in younger populations is increasing due to rising obesity rates. This statement inaccurately represents the typical age of onset for type 2 diabetes.