Nephrotic Syndrome: The Daily PANCE Blueprint

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Nephrotic Syndrome: The Daily PANCE Blueprint

A 50-year-old man with a history of poorly controlled diabetes presents with a 2-week history of foamy urine and bilateral lower extremity swelling. Urine analysis reveals heavy proteinuria (>3.5 g/24 hours) and microscopic hematuria. Serum albumin is low (2.5 g/dL), and cholesterol is elevated (280 mg/dL). What is the MOST likely underlying cause of this patient's nephrotic syndrome?

A. IgA nephropathy
B. Membranous nephropathy
C. Minimal change disease
D. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN)
E. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

Answer and topic summary

The answer is B. Membranous nephropathy

Membranous nephropathy is a leading cause of primary nephrotic syndrome in adults, particularly those with conditions like diabetes. It’s characterized by immune complex deposition along the glomerular basement membrane, leading to proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and often hyperlipidemia.

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Covered under ⇒ PANCE Blueprint Renal System ⇒ Acute Disorders (PEARLS) ⇒ Nephrotic syndrome