Carcinoid tumors: The Daily PANCE Blueprint
Which of the following is a classic clinical feature of carcinoid syndrome?
A. AV block
B. Dysphagia
C. Cutaneous flushing
D. Muscle rigidity
E. Constipation
Answer and topic summary
The answer is C. Cutaneous flushing
Carcinoid tumors are uncommon tumors that originate from neuroendocrine cells and secrete serotonin. The most common site of carcinoid tumors is the appendix, but they can also be found in the lungs, kidney, small bowel, etc. Carcinoid syndromes develop 10% of the time; clinical features include cutaneous flushing, sweating, wheezing, watery diarrhea, and heart valve dysfunction. These symptoms are due to the release of serotonin and can be precipitated by foods high in tyramine or ethanol.
The best initial diagnostic study is a 24-hour measurement of urinary excretion of 5-HIAA. 5 HIAA is a degradation product from 5HT. A serum chromogranin A test can be done as well. CT and MRI scans can be used to localize and stage the tumor. Surgical resection is the definitive treatment of choice.
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