The NCCPA™ Musculoskeletal Content Blueprint infectious diseases (PEARLS)
| Acute and chronic osteomyelitis (ReelDx) | ReelDx Virtual Rounds (Osteomyelitis)Patient will present as → a 54-year-old male with fever, chills, and pain in the left foot. His symptoms progressively worsened over the course of a week. Medical history is significant for poorly controlled type II diabetes mellitus. On physical exam, there is tenderness to palpation of the left foot. Laboratory testing is significant for an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein; as well as, leukocytosis. Plain radiograph demonstrates periosteal thickening and soft tissue swelling. Acute or chronic infection and inflammation of bone and bone marrow – can occur as a result of hematogenous seeding, the contiguous spread of infection, or direct inoculation into intact bone (trauma/surgery)
Acute osteomyelitis is most commonly seen in children with S. aureus as the most common organism
Chronic osteomyelitis is most common in adults secondary to open injury of bone and surrounding soft tissue
DX: bone aspiration = gold standard
TX: Treat initially with a broad-spectrum antibiotic regimen. Base treatment on the results of cultured bone tissue to obtain the best outcome.
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| Septic arthritis (ReelDx) | ReelDx Virtual Rounds (Septic arthritis)Patient will present as → a 24-year-old male presents with abrupt onset of swelling, pain, redness, and increased warmth in his right knee. He denies any injury or previous joint issues. The symptoms began yesterday along with generally not feeling well and possibly a low-grade fever. His past medical history is unremarkable. He takes no medications and has no known drug allergies. He denies tobacco use, consumes alcohol socially with no recent episodes of heavy drinking, and follows a vegetarian diet. He is sexually active with a recent new partner. On physical examination, T: 100°F, right knee is edematous and erythematous with increased warmth, and ROM decreased by pain. The left knee has no change in skin color or temperature with full pain-free ROM in flexion and extension. The examination of the hip and ankle joints is unremarkable. Right knee synovial fluid analysis reveals increased leukocytes and the absence of crystals. Direct bacterial invasion of joint space - most dangerous form of acute arthritis ⇒ medical emergency
DX: Diagnose with arthrocentesis: joint fluid aspirate for definitive diagnosis (WBC > 50,000 primarily PMNs)
TX: Treatment is based on gram stain- 2-4 week course of antibiotics + arthrotomy with joint drainage
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